Comparison of Lord Of The Flies by William Golding ,The...

Lord of the Flies, by William Golding, quot;The Lotteryquot;, by Shirley Jackson, quot;The White Circlequot;, by John Bell Clayton and quot;The Vigilantequot; by John Steinbeck all share the theme of mans inherent evil. Lord of the Flies takes place on an island in the Pacific ocean during an atomic war, and there is no adult supervision. quot;The Lotteryquot; takes place in a small farming community in the present day. quot;The White Circlequot; is set in the turn of the century Virginia on a Large farm. quot;The Vigilantequot; takes place down south in a town with strong racist beliefs. Jack from Lord of the Flies is an insecure boy who leads a group of savages through injustice and violence. The Townspeople in quot;The†¦show more content†¦Cut his throat! Spill his bloodquot; P.138).In particular the evil of the character is also present in the towns people when they brutally stone Tess out of tradition. (quot; ‘It isn’t fair’ she said. A stone hit her on the side of the head.quot;P.301). To further illustrate the characters evil Tucker shows his transition into a dangerous killer after constant torment. (quot;I was lying there with a towering homicidal detestation, planning to kill Anvil.quot;P.34). Also when Mike lynches the black man he is now getting a positive feeling from his crime. (quot;Makes you feel kind of cut off and tired, but kind of satisfied tooquot;P.140). The inherent evil of man and society portrayed through the characters are present in these examples and shows how evil isn’t always visible. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;The setting influences the inherent evil of man because it set the mood for the characters behaviors. The unsupervised island played a major role in the decay of civilization and the return to primitiveness. (quot;This is an island. At least I think its an island. Perhaps there aren’t any grownups anywhere.quot; P.7). For the Townspeople the time of year for the lottery is an uneasy time where a great deal of suspense builds up all around them. (quot;the feeling of liberty sat uneasily on most of them.quot;P.291). All tucker needed to end

Discuss the portrayal of Indian society in this poem Free Essays

Deception, written by Rabindranath Tagore is told through the eyes of a narrator, who is the husband of Binu. He tells a story of Binu and her husband and their life together in Indian society. In the poem the portrayal of Indian life, is illustrated through various aspects, such as arranged marriages; the class distinctions, Laksmi the goddess, the poverty and dowries. We will write a custom essay sample on Discuss the portrayal of Indian society in this poem or any similar topic only for you Order Now The class distinctions in Hindu society are called the Caste system. This is portrayed in the poem at several occasions. When Binu introduces Rukmini to her husband and explains that Rukmini needs money. ‘She looked me in the eyes, Bowed, withdrew to the platform where she stood clutching a pillar’ This shows that obviously Rukmini was in a lower class than Binu’s husband because of the way she reacted, she bowed to and then withdrew from his presence and stood at a distance. I think that Rukmini might have been in the ‘untouchable’ caste because she did not consider herself worthy enough to even stand in the presence of Binu’s husband. She had to go and stand at a distance while Binu explained Rukmini’s need for money. The way that she bowed in front of him also portrays that she was lower class than him because she was showing him a sign of respect. In The Caste system the Jats determine which range of jobs you do. Marriage usually took place between people of the same Jat and people normally died in the same group. There are certain rules that say that people in different Jats cannot eat, drink or even smoke in each others company. The word clutching shows the fact that Rukmini was desperate and that she really need help, this also supports that she was in the untouchables caste. There are four groups which are called the Varna. There is also a fifth which are called the ‘untouchables’. The untouchables did not belong to any caste. They were called the Dalit. They were untouched by the four other castes. In some areas even their shadow touching a member of the Varnas was considered polluting. They worked in what was considered polluting jobs and were never accepted by society. The Highest status was called the Brahmins and this consisted of priests and intellectuals. I think that Binu’s husband and Binu herself were part of this caste because it says in the poem ‘And began to read an English novel that I had bought’ This shows that Binu’s husband was very well educated because he spoke English and only the rich and high powered could afford to learn to speak English. This therefore supports the fact that Binu and her husband are from the Brahmin’s caste. In the quotation ‘Whoever heard of such a thing? The woman was probably a sweeper or something equally disgusting’ The harsh sounding of the word disgusting shows the contempt and hatred that the upper caste show towards the untouchables. It shows the fact that Rukmini was part of the ‘untouchables’ caste because Binu’s husband was saying that Rukmini had some equally disgusting job such as a sweeper. This therefore would have been considered a polluting job so she would not have been fit to been seen associating with. There is another quotation that supports the fact that there were huge distinctions in class. ‘†Where is Rukmini?† They reacted blankly†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ This shows that Rukmini was very unimportant because even the people in the lower castes of the Varna did not have any sort of idea who Rukmini was, when Binu’s husband asked after her at the station. The word blankly shows that even though Rukmini had worked and lived at the train station for years, she was still so irrelevant that no one had even noticed that she was there and that she had gone. The only recognised who she was when Binu’s husband said ‘†The wife of Jhamru the coolie†Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ Rukmini was obviously so insignificant that they did not even know her by name and she used to work at the station. The only reason that they recognised her was because Binu’s husband remembered the name of her husband. Then they only barely remembered who she was because they recognised the name of Rukmini’s husband. ‘She lives in the row of huts by the well over there;’ This also links the fact that Rukmini is in the ‘untouchables’ caste because she lives in poverty. She did not live in a very respectably, she lived in a shack, by the side of the train station; she had no land and no money, not even able to find 25 rupees for her daughters dowry. She did not belong to one of the four Varna, so she was nobody of importance to bother about. The next subject that I am going to discuss is arranged marriages. I think that perhaps Binu and her husband had, had an arranged marriage because it says in the poem that ‘Left her parents-in-laws house for the first time since marriage’ ‘Our meetings furtive’ This shows that the couple had not met of their own accord, but that their parents have arranged for them to meet. They have only met secretly and on very brief occasions. This shows that there was an arranged marriage because you do not marry someone that you have only met a few times in your life. Parents when looking for a suitable husband for their daughter in arranged marriages have to look for certain things such as the social castes that they are in and financial status. It is the girl’s parents that traditionally pay for the wedding as a gift to the newly wed couple. They shower the girl with presents that she is to give to the groom’s family when she moves in. It is traditional that the bride goes to live in the groom’s family. When the couple marry everything that once was the wife’s now officially belongs to the husband. The quotation above says that Binu after living with her parents-in-law left there house for the first time. This supports the fact that Binu and her husband have had an arranged marriage. Another quotation that supports the fact that the couple had, had an arranged marriage is ‘The airless sequestration of the joint family’ This portrays that the family have lived in very close contact with Binu and her husband. I think that maybe the family have been interfering with the couple. The word sequestration suggests the fact that the family have been interfering with the couple, because sequestration means enclosure, which suggests that Binu and her husband were enclosed with the family they did everything together. ‘Like the everlasting vermilion in the parting of laksmi’s hair’ Laksmi is the goddess of wealth and beauty. Laksmi is the household goddess and she is a favourite among women. She is depicted as a beautiful woman who has four hands. She is either sitting or standing on a full bloomed lotus, which stands for beauty purity and fertility. Her four hands represent the four ends of human life Dharma- righteousness Kama- desires Artha- wealth Moksha- liberation. In the Krishna avtara Laksmi comes to earth as Rukmini. This is particularly interesting since the Lady that Binu’s husband was meant to give twenty five rupees to was also called Rukmini. I think that maybe the goddess Laksmi was testing Binu’s husband to see whether he had any compassion for the people who were in lower castes than him. If this is so then the husband failed the test because he treated Rukmini with contempt and only out of pity did he give her two rupees? He then however, told Binu that he had given Rukmini the whole twenty five rupees. Rukmini based the whole of her last two months of life on the fact that her husband loved her so much that he would give twenty five rupees to a complete stranger who Binu had met and befriended at the train station. However, just before Binu died she told her husband this. Her husband was filled with guilt and repentance. He went back to try and find Rukmini and pays her the twenty five rupees that he owed her, so that it would ease his conscience. Rukmini had moved on and this was the husband’s punishment. He had to deal with the fact that he had lied to his wife and now had to live with the guilt and desperation. This I think is the meaning of Laksmi being mentioned in this poem. The dowry is quite significant in the poem since it is the reason that Binu asks her husband to pay the twenty five rupees to Rukmini, and the whole reason that the husband feels so guilty at the end. A dowry is a gift that the bride’s family give to the groom’s family upon marriage. In some of the richer castes dowries are an exchange of wealth between too families which are intermarrying. In many countries the dowry is a large part of property which is either exchanged or given to the family. The dowry insures that the wife will not be badly treated by the husband because it acts as a forfeit from the wife’s family to the groom’s. ‘Bracelets, bangles, armlets for the dowry’ This is what Rukmini asks the money for so that she can buy a suitable dowry for her daughter so that she will not be rejected by the husband. The dowry that Rukmini wants to give is not particularly extensive, so this also supports the idea that Rukmini is not particularly rich since in wealthy families large amounts of land and property are given as dowry presents. If the brides family do not give a dowry then it is seen as disrespect and the whole wedding can be called off, since the groom’s family do want to marry into a family that either disrespect the rules of the dowry system or they are not wealthy enough to supply a sufficient dowry for there daughters wedding. This is therefore what Rukmini is saying in the poem, she is pleading to Binu because I think that perhaps she feels that she will get a better reaction out of a woman who has never really seen the world and has lived rather a sheltered life, than a man who is in one of the highest groups of the Varna. She is saying that if she cannot afford the dowry and if she does not give one then her daughter will be rejected from the marriage, which will be embarrassing for the family. Therefore, I conclude that the poet has used the portrayal of Indian Society to try and make people who are reading the poem understand the way that Indian Society actually works. The poet portrays the caste system in this prejudiced way because maybe he feels that the system is principally unjust. The Caste system has many floors, but it has brought some sort of order to Indian Society meaning that people are recognised and distinguished. The poet uses the portrayal of Indian Society very well to get the effect of the drama and desperation in the poem. The poor lady Rukmini needs money so that her daughter can get married she is desperate for help and pity from the rich. However the uncompassionate husband feels that Rukmini is unworthy of even touching his shadow. How to cite Discuss the portrayal of Indian society in this poem, Papers

Factor Impacting Customer Behavior-Free-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Factors Impacting Customers Choice Of A Restaurant. Answer: Introduction Demand of customers from full service formal restaurants depends on several factors of customer choices. Customers in different restaurants come from different background with different characteristics. Consequently, they possess different choices in availing the service of restaurants. This research mainly focuses on a literature review of that determines the different factors that can affect the choice of customers in their decision making process of availing service of restaurants of their choices. Importance of this research lies in the fact that on identifying and acknowledging the factors that impact the choice of customers in availing restaurant service, it will be helpful for the restaurant owners to modify their business strategies as per customer demand. Research Questions: What factors affect the consumer behavior? What is the relationship between consumer choice and restaurant industry? What are the impacts of consumer choice and buying behavior on restaurant industry? What recommendations can be produced to widen customer base? Methodology The literature review is conducted on the basis of secondary research. Various journals articles and books were studied in determining the parameters of consumer behavior and their impact on decision making about availing the restaurant service of their choices. Cantallops, A.S. and Salvi (2014, p.45) opined that with the help of secondary research, arguments and counter arguments can be obtained on a specific topic that helps in analyzing the research topic. Various theories and concepts were studied from the journals that had helped the researcher in understanding the consumer buying process and factors that affect such processes. Information from government websites are also gathered in identifying key concepts about customer demand and the type of service they expect from the restaurants. Background of research Studies from various journal articles have resulted in acknowledgement of specific consumer behavior models and theories that contributes in comprehending the factors that assist customers in making choice of restaurants. The research is specifically focused on the factors that affect the customer's choice of availing a restaurant service. It has been studied previously that quality of food has a significant role in retaining customers in a restaurant. Theory of reasoned action is included in the study for analysis of customer attitudes in their decision making process. On counting the motivation need theory in depicting a customer behavior, it is possible to priorities the needs of customers, once they avail the service of a restaurant. Literature Review Conceptual Framework Figure 1: Conceptual Framework (Source: Creator) Theory of consumer behavior Theory of consumer behavior affects the most crucial role in identifying the activities of customers, when they avail any particular service of organizations. Lu et al. (2015, p.40) has shed light on the fact that, shifting from the traditional concept of buying behavior, modern theory of consumer behavior focus on analysis of consumption of a particular service by customers. Figure 2: Factors of theory of consumer behavior (Source: Martnez-Ruiz and Gmez-Cant, 2017, p.63) Restaurants on strategically implementing theory of consumer behavior in their business can successfully retain their customers by prior analysis of their demands and expectations. Five factors have been identified that influence customers to avail the service of a full time restaurant. These are variation in menu, quality of food, atmosphere, price and convenience factors. These five factors are extremely important in decision-making process of customers in their availing of the service of full time restaurants. As mentioned by Solomon (2014, p.5), people living in urban areas of developing countries are adhering towards eating outside their homes for the past recent years. Surveying these people, it has been analyzed that restaurants that have incorporated the five factors of consumer behavior in their management, are most preferred and visited by the customers. On the contrary Amos et al. (2014, p.90), denied this fact stating that the fast changing lifestyle of people, trends, ne eds rise in incomes and demographics are the primary reasons behind availing the service of full time restaurants.(Refer to appendix 1) Quality of food in a restaurant is assessed by the comparison of customer expectation and against their perception of actual experience of food quality in a restaurant. According to Bucher et al. (2016, p.2260), customers are nevertheless unwilling in paying an extra amount if a higher level of service as well as quality of is provided. Thus, restaurant managers prolong an acceptable level of service keeping the price of food as low as possible keeping a high standard of food quality. There are two crucial aspects influencing customer behavior and restaurants focus on identifying the categories of their target customs according to these two aspects. Boo (2017, p.70) has shed light on the fact that therefore of decision developing, customers either responses with non-action or action that is purchase. Assaels model of consumer behavior is applicable in this context of customer's choice of restaurant. (Refer to appendix 2) Assaels model of consumer behavior states that a number of parameters are prevalent that influence the ultimate customer's choice and decision-making process in visiting restaurants. These factors range from the lifestyle, perceptions, characteristics, attitudes, cultural values, personality and demographics of customers. For example, a teenager, whose parents are working are adapted in such a lifestyle, where there is a minimal scope of availability of home cooked food. Naturally, he/she will be dependent on restaurant service irrespective of quality of food. Steg et al. (2014, p.170), opposed this fact stating that the most influential factor working in the mind of customer in availing restaurant service is perception and perceived risk. Perception is regarded as the approximation of reality, where quality of the food in a particular restaurant is judged by the perceived interest of customers in availing that restaurant. For example, when a many customers visit a particular restaur ant, automatically a positive impact is generated among the customers that the restaurant services good quality of food. Theory of Reasoned action Pre-existing attitudes of a customer regarding a particular service affects the decision making processes in visiting the restaurants. Applying the theory of reasoned action Kim et al. (2013, p.210) stated that specificity is a major factor that allows a customer in adhering to a particular system or enjoying a specific service. A customer if not satisfied with the quality of food in a restaurant or do not get equivalent output as per the given input such as cost, then he/she tends to change mind in going to that particular restaurant. For example, if a restaurant maintains a high range of price, however do not provide equal sufficient quality food, customers will change their mind in retaining the service of that restaurant. Bilgihan et al. (2014, p.355) in his journal informed that restaurant managers can identify their backlogs if the theory of reasoned action imparts a negative impact on their business. They must indulge in provision of service in such a way that customers are re tained and their business flourishes. On the contrary, some researches reveal that compared to the psychological factors of customers, demographic factor is more prominent regarding the customer's choice in visiting restaurants. Ackermann and Palmer (2014, p.540) proposed that customers having an age range from 18-34 years are more likely to visit full time restaurants and possess an exploring attitude of trying new cuisines where taste fetches attention. Whereas people who are above 55 years, tends to consume home cooked food in order to maintain a healthy living. It can be seen that in some cases, demographic factors of customers overpowers psychological factors in visiting restaurants. Engel, Kollet, Blackwell Model A wider extension of theory of reasoned action, EKB model analyses the thought process of a customer prior to visiting a restaurant. The first step is associated with the incorporation of information, where customers gather knowledge about the quality of food served in a specific restaurant via word of mouth promotion, online marketing or newspaper article. The next step is followed by the comparison of data gathered with another customer, who has availed the service of that restaurant and acknowledged the quality of food being served or the customer's own analysis on visiting another restaurant that is a rival of the former one. This is followed by a rational insight of the customer comprising price, quality and physical evidence. He/she will tend to compare the price of that specific restaurant with its rival companies and gather information about the quality of the food delivered in them. The next step involves analysis of external influences and process variables. Intrinsic and Extrinsic factors Customer satisfaction in restaurant service is associated with the degree to which performance of the restaurant meets or exceeds the expectation of customers. Previous researches have revealed that according to consumer decision-making model, prior to visiting a restaurant, a customer conducts search for information. Depending on the cues of information, a customer evaluates restaurant service and its food quality. These cues can be intrinsic like atmosphere of a restaurant, quality of food, taste, and service as well as extrinsic like brand name, promotion and reviews of people. On the other hand, Wee et al. (2014, p.451) stated that customer retention is the future prosperity of a customer in staying with a particular service provider. Quality of food plays as a crucial intrinsic factor in retaining customers in adhering to a particular restaurant and preventing customer in switching to another competitor in market. However, there is a contradiction available in this context. Ackermann and Palmer (2014, p.545) opined that rather than quality, taste of a specific cuisine acts as a significant factor in retaining customers to a restaurant. For example, Chinese cuisine is most famous among the youngsters because of its taste. In this context, taste has played as an intrinsic cue for the restaurants serving Chinese food. Rate of consumption of Chinese food has reached considerably in the past few years and restaurants serving this cuisine in their menu have gained sustainability in market (Food.gov.uk). (Refer to appendix 2) However, brand names, ambience of restaurant, interpersonal skills of employees of restaurants and effective promotion impose a significant impact on customers visit to a restaurant. Lu et al. (2015, p.40) has shed light on the fact that the tangible resources of a restaurants are included in the physical environment. Impact of quality of food on customer retention There is a significant impact on the customers regarding the quality of food resulting in visit to the restaurants. Research report reveals that 38.2% customers states that they do not mind in paying more for obtaining high quality of food, which portrays 92% higher than the average level. In addition to this, 55% of customers have their favourite restaurant, where they visit at a regular interval irrespective of the food quality (Food.gov.uk, 2017). Perception and loyalty acts as the main driver in this context. However, detailed market research reveals that restaurant managers must maintain a good effort in improving the environment, ambience and most importantly, the quality of food focusing on the health of customers. Technological advancements Evolution of technology has boosted the restaurant business to a peak level. Rani (2014, p.55) stated that 96.62% people in a survey has agreed to the fact that restaurants have impacted an affirmative effect on their lifestyle. Customers are able to avail the service of restaurants on a single click. Tech savvy attitude in this sector has attracted more customers in availing the service of restaurants on application of technology. On the contrary, a debate has arisen in this context, where, customers argue about the fact that visiting restaurants at a regular basis or consumption of restaurant food daily can cause degradation of ones health. Nagle et al. (2016, p.11) proposed that 16% of kids in US are exposed to the consumption of outside food that is allowing the growth of several diseases that can even be fatal at a later age. However, demand for restaurant food is nowhere decreasing as restaurant managers have successfully analysed the factors that affect customers choice in visiting a restaurant and according implement those in their business strategies. Literature gap Factors affecting the visit of customers in restaurants are being discussed in this paper focussing mainly on the quality of food. However, customer perceptions regarding this business sector have changed massively in the past 20 years and till now is on the mode of changing. Thus, researches that have been done earlier, for example during 1970s and 1980s are not at all applicable in the modern days. In addition to this, not much research is provided on the impact of restaurant food on the health of customers. More research is needed to be conducted on this factor and its consequences. Conclusion This project deals with the literature review on identifying the different factors that affect the choice of customers in availing the service of restaurants. Several theories and models have been illustrated portraying a definite image of the factors affecting customers in visiting restaurants. Contradictions are also provided, where there are opposition of theories and evidences. A literature gap is provided showing the backlogs of the research and need of further research is discussed Reference List Ackermann, C.L. and Palmer, A., (2014). The contribution of implicit cognition to the Theory of Reasoned Action Model: A study of food preferences.Journal of Marketing Management,30(6), pp.529-550. Amos, C., Holmes, G.R. and Keneson, W.C., (2014). A meta-analysis of consumer impulse buying.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,21(2), pp.86-97. Bilgihan, A., Peng, C. and Kandampully, J., (2014). Generation Y's dining information seeking and sharing behavior on social networking sites: An exploratory study.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,26(3), pp.349-366. Boo, H.V., (2017). Service Environment of Restaurants: Findings from the youth customers.Journal of ASIAN behavioural studies,2(2), pp.67-77. 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