Economic History and Evolution of Health Care Economics

Health care has been changed dramatically during the years from back in 1960 to today. The economics crises have taken over majority of its courses for these changes. What is economic history and health care funding? Economic history is the way people dealt with supply and demand, cost of production of a product, the levels of income and distribution of wealth, the structure of overseas trade, and the volume and direction of investment, (Adelman, 1985). In today’s society health care and medicine has become one of the life savers for patients with health care issues.More and more new technologies, research, development of new procedures and medications have taken over a major change in health care industry while comparing to back in 1940’s when there was less facilities, doctors, technologies, and medicines available for treatment of major and chronic diseases. Health Care funding is defined as a method for patients to pay for their medical costs. During the early years of 1940’s, there were no Medical or Medicaid , HMO or PPO plans available and neither was there any governmentfunding available for low and no income families as it is today. In today’s society the Obama health care reform is helping millions paying for their health care expenses by providing Medical, Medicaid and or discounted health insurance plans from various companies with no or low income families. Millions are benefitting from this program today in comparison from the early 1940’s century. Today the debate continues between the poor and rich as to how and if the new health care reform program is beneficial for the economy and how it will affect the nation.The timeline below describes and shows how the government was involved in the health care funding and economy back from the early 1940’s till it is today. Health Care Funding Timeline 1935-At this time during the great depression, President Franklin D. Roosevelt had signed another act into law, a nd that was the Social Security Act. 1940’s For the second time, war put an end to any possibility for achievement of national health insurance. In 1943, there was a ruling from the The War Labor Board that certain work benefits, including health insurance coverage, should be excluded from wage and price controls.1946-In 1946 President Truman signs the Hospital Survey and Construction Act. This act would give states the access needed to federal grants for the maintenance and construction of public health centers. This act also provides care to all patients regardless of the race, nationality and religion. 1960’s The Kerr-Mills Act provided states with federal grants pay for health care for the elderly poor. He only had the support from 28 states who signed on for this act. John Kennedy proposed legislation in 1962 for hospital care for seniors under Social Security. However the opposing democrats blocked his proposal.During the election in 1964, Medicare was made a pri ority in the health care reform in USA. 1970’s By 1970, the health care costs had grown rapidly and therefore the number of uninsured patients among the elderly had grown which grew a major concern for the government and the health care reform. The country had started to face major health care crises. Sen. Ted Kennedy held hearings around the country and issued a report, â€Å"The Health Care Crisis in America,† generating support for his bill, the ‘Health Security Act,’ a universal single payer plan with a national health budget, no consumer cost-sharing, financed through payroll taxes.President Nixon proposed for an employer mandate which required employers to provide health care coverage to employees or to pay tax for the unemployment. 1980’s During the 1970’s the economic inequalities increased and decline in income. President Carter submitted cost control legislation which again didn’t pass. With the election of Ronald Reagan, a b ill for the expansion of Medicare Catastrophic coverage was signed and Congress passed an expansion of Medicaid. 1990’s By 1990, a major healthcare crises hits United States.Almost about 38 million people were without health insurance due to the recession that hit United States in 1990. It left people with no option to decline health care coverage. Private Insurance programs were at high pace , rates were increased by 90% and wages were at 28% between 1987 and year 1993. Wide range of proposals was put in for consideration for the better. The Clinton campaign was put into consideration. As president, Clinton appointed a task force to develop the concept into legislation, the Health Security Act (HSA).This act would have created universal coverage for the employer and the individual mandates. Due to the budget, the democrats did not approve of it. This bill never made it out of the committee. 2000’s President Bush signs Medicare Prescription Drug Improvement Act into la w in 2003. President Obama and the congress discussed the health care plans and spend over a year in doing research and planning for new plans to find solutions that would require businesses to cover for health care coverage for their employees.2010 -Today An adequate summary of the background and components of the Patient Protection Affordable Care Act signed into law March 3, 2010 by President Obama is beyond the scope of this space. It will be discussed in detail at a presentation Dec. 4th. This act was signed on March 23, 2010. January 1, 2014 Obama Health Care Reform takes into effect. In conclusion, as you can see health care issue has been ongoing for decades and has not been solved in United States as of today. We are still debating the costs, benefits and economical effects on health care for our people.While comparison from the 1940’s life was much simpler and less stressful for people and less issues while in today’s society there is more paperwork, more law s and requirements involved before a patient can be seen at a local clinic or hospital. Back in the days it was easier for patients to get treatment in a clinic or hospital while today a patient can easily be seen if he or she has some kind of medical or health insurance coverage. There is still hope that someday our nation will become better for our people in providing a better health care coverage and service to all.

An analysis of the Heart of Darkness and Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Essay

The â€Å"Heart of Darkness† by Joseph Conrad and â€Å"Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland† by Lewis Carroll tell a journey into a world which is a conflicting reflection of the protagonist’s â€Å"real† world. As the protagonists travel to new places, they are both presented with clashing views on prevailing themes in their lives. In the case of Marlow in the Heart of Darkness, he is faced with opposing ideas on the most vital components in imperialism – trade and slavery. As for Alice in Wonderland, the young girl is confronted with the challenge to accept the conflicting basis of maturity following both rational and irrational complexities in the society. In both of the novels, the relationship between the two worlds were portrayed as the struggles which people had to face in order to formulate their own personal ideologies based on their varying views presented by the society. Moreover, alienation (or the fact that each of the protagonists had to handle their struggles alone) was promoted as a necessary step towards the full appreciation of one’s social construction of reality. Clashing views on imperialism: Moral Responsibility vs. Pure Suppression In the Heart of Darkness, contrasting views of imperialism and slavery are challenged. Marlow, the protagonist of the story, comes from a world where the enslavement of the Africans is considered as essential and customary pieces of the colonial enterprise. The men who were working for the Company – upon which Marlow is also a part of – treats the blacks in an perverse, cruel, and often viciously violent manner. However, this harsh treatment is seemingly justifiable as Marlow’s world regards the slaves as uncivilized. Thus, the process of slavery is not seen as it is. Rather, it is often deemed as a vital part of the benevolent project of â€Å"civilizing† the natives. As such, prior to his journey upriver to see the fabled Kurtz, Marlow maintains his role of masking the slavery and violence by the socially accepted idea that the subjugation is based on legitimate backgrounds of moral responsibility. As Marlow meets Kurtz however, Marlow’s idea of the glamour of conquest and imperialism evolves into a struggle of morals. As he survives the river, meets the natives, and finally encounters the man that is reputed to be honorable and upright, his moral beliefs shatter. Technically, he is not faced with a world that’s entirely different from where he came from. Instead, what Marlow encounters is a setting where there is a whole new definition of conquest and trade – the main activities upon which he was engaged in. Basically, Kurtz was not the man Marlow and other people envisioned him to be. In conflict with the prevailing social definition of conquest for the Company, Kurtz saw the truth in imperialism. The presumed praiseworthy man was in fact a tyrant among the natives. He realized the fact that he was not trading but rather forcing the natives to find ivory for him. Moreover, Kurtz was open to the idea that he was – in no positive way – civilizing the natives. Rather, he was suppressing them, controlling them through intimidation and extreme brutality, and using them to his advantage, and the Company’s benefit. As a result, Marlow’s encounter with Kurtz only served as a perplexing experience where he had to question what the real purpose was behind acts of conquest and slavery: Are his actions just a tool for injustice and intimidation? Is there really no justifiable cause for intimidating the natives? To a certain degree, Marlow’s experience with the â€Å"other† world puts him in a crisis of whether he should continue believing that his world’s obviously unjust practices had a good and tolerable cause or not. Growing up: Tolerating the illogical and irrational In the story Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland, conflicting views of maturity and growing up is presented. On one hand, the real world equates maturity as the state where logic and rationality is used in reasoning, interpreting, and in maintaining harmony in the society. In contrast however, the young Alice equates adulthood as to what she sees in Wonderland – a place where silly and illogical regulations are created on the basis of egoistic goals and ambitions, propelled by bad habits and wrong ideals that people willingly developed throughout the course of history. In Wonderland, Alice faces a new world – one wherein the ways of reasoning are every much in contrast of hers. To a certain sense, her new world is similar to the â€Å"real† world of adults because both are comprised of rules which are, most of the time, very confusing. A typical example is the character of the Duchess who always tries to find a moral in almost every thing that is happening around her. In the real world, adults are akin to the Duchess as they always try to live by the social norms which they created from their own interpretation of their society. Another complex idea is the tolerance of the senseless orders of beheading given by the Queen of Hearts. Such scenario can be equated to the devastating wars often prompted by political leaders who are supposed to propagate world peace and progress. Also in Wonderland, trials seem to be very irrational and unjust; in the same way, justice is as confusing in the real world where fairness and integrity are supposedly practiced and promoted. As Alice struggles to understand the complexity of what is happening in Wonderland, she challenges her own idea of what is rational and supposedly mature. Confronted with what’s hypothetically mature, Alice gradually evolves into a mature person who is able to formulate reasonable and valid interpretations of history and her present experiences. While Alice is confronted with odd events and curious beings in Wonderland, she tries to formulate reasons based on her social interactions with the creature and adjusts to the demands of the magical world. Through the interpretations that Alice forms from wonderland, she fulfills what is expected from a mature individual – the ability to tolerate the complexities of life. As she forms a basis of reasoning and logic, she then forms her own subjective norms which are, to a certain extent, still confined within the prevalent ideas in Wonderland. These norms allow her to define her identity and at the same time, give her the chance to adjust and adapt to the situations that she faces in a place where â€Å"everyone is mad†. Through her adventures, Alice ultimately grows up and matures. CONCLUSIONS Two worlds as struggles towards the formulation personal ideals In both of the novels, two opposing worlds were used as bases that will allow the main character to formulate his/her own personal ideologies and interpretations of prevailing themes in their lives. In the case of Marlow, the clash between the two worlds – or rather their definitions – gave him a chance to weigh his morals not merely on the more popular and conforming idea that African enslavement was natural and acceptable. Through his confrontation with Kurtz, he became enlightened. The experience somehow liberated him from his blind adherence to the society and showed him the real circumstances of his actions and that of his society. As for Alice, the conflict between the real world and Wonderland also gave her the chance to construct an understanding of maturity. From a child’s point of view of adulthood as something incoherent, illogical, egoistic, and irrational, Alice was able to realize that such complexities were part of real life and that tolerance to what is seemingly unreasonable must be achieved in order to be capable of surviving and adjusting to the different scenarios of living. As such, it can be noted that the incompatible relationships between the two worlds in each of the novels were presented as personal struggles towards the achievement of personal ideals formulated from varying views and interpretations that were present in the society. Alienation, an essential process for the social construction of reality It can be noted that both protagonists in the stories had to face alienation in the new worlds that they had to take part of. The fact that each of the protagonists had to handle their struggles â€Å"alone† promoted the theme of personal conflict in the novels. Furthermore, this alienation heightened the level of conflict which existed in the clashing relationship between the two worlds that the characters had to take part of. In the case of Alice, she had to face different situations with different characters and different modes of reasoning all on her. Through this loneliness, she was able to fully grasp the idea that maturity is complex and that life itself was full of complexities and â€Å"madness†. This realization led her to construct her own set of interpretations, definitions, and realities which paved her way towards maturity. Marlow, on the other hand, became alienated as he became exposed to a world where slavery among Africans was regarded as what it really is – a mere act of cruelty for the benefit of the White people. He was alienated in the sense that he formerly had a different – more consoling view of the â€Å"trade† that he was participating in. However, through this alienation, Marlow then achieved a more careful analysis of his society’s actions. By being exposed to the new world all on his own, he was given the chance to liberate himself from the beliefs that he was encompassed within. In general, both of the characters endured alienation as an essential component which emphasized the conflicting relation of the worlds that they were exposed to. This alienation prompted them to think beyond what they were used to and such allowed them to construct their social reality based on conventional and unconventional truths. References: Caroll, Lewis (n. d. ) Alice in Wonderland. Retrieved from Bedtime Story Classics (Accessed 06 Apr 2009 from http://www. the-office. com/bedtime-story/classics-alice-1. htm) Conrad, Joseph (n. d. ) Heart of Darkness. Retrieved from Project Gutenberg Website (Accessed 06 Apr 2009 from http://www. gutenberg. org/etext/526) Maatta, Jerry (1997) An Analysis of Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland. (Accessed 06 Apr 2009 from http://www. alice-in-wonderland. net/explain/alice841. html) __________ (n. d. ) Themes and Motives in Alice in Wonderland. (Accessed 06 Apr 2009 from http://www. alice-in-wonderland. net/school/themes. html) __________ (n. d. ) eNotes on Heart of Darkness – Themes. (Accessed 06 Apr 2009 from http://www. enotes. com/darkness/themes)

Buffalo

â€Å"I want to be in Buffalo when the world ends.† I glance up from the magazine I’ve been flipping through and look at my friend with skepticism. Rolling her eyes as if the reasoning behind her bizarre statement is obvious to everyone except me, she explains, â€Å"Because it’s always ten years behind everywhere else.† For the most part, she’s right. Buffalo is rarely on the cutting edge of anything. When pink was the new black, women in Buffalo were still sporting gray. When Pacific Rim was all the rage, we continued to view the corner takeout as authentic Asian cuisine. Forget Mini Coopers, aren’t Chevy Suburbans still considered classy? Although one might think Buffalonians would have an inferiority complex about our less-than-cosmopolitan image, we actually revel in our provincial ways. We embrace the fact that we are the home of the chicken wing, kazoo, and electric chair, and the city whose football team almost won the Super Bowl four times. We are not ashamed to be the birthplace of America’s most forgettable president, Millard Fillmore, and the host of â€Å"Howdy Doody,† Buffalo Bob Smith. At this point, you might be wondering how any self-respecting person could be proud to live in a city whose major claims to fame are a greasy bird appendage and having snow seven months of the year. In order to understand our pride, you have to realize that Buffalo’s backward nature is what makes it so appealing to those who live here. It doesn’t matter that we’re not avant-garde. Instead, we’ve retained the kind of strong, cohesive community where people look out for each other which doesn’t typically exist in cities. On my street, for instance, neighbors greet each other by name, kids play outside unsupervised, and our street association works together to keep the blockattractive. One street over is the Elmwood Strip, where independently owned shops, restaurants, cafes, and the local library can be found. I never â€Å"walk the strip† without running into at least two people I know. I feel safe, at home, and part of the community. When an October storm dumped three feet of snow on Buffalo, half the city was left without electricity or phone service, and most of our trees were destroyed. Debris was everywhere, many roads were impassable, and schools and businesses were closed for over a week. Adults and children banded together to clear fallen branches, provide meals, and even offer their own homes to those in need. One of my neighbors, who has two infants, was without power or heat, but immediately received a neighbor’s generator, prepared meals, and had her driveway and front walk cleared by neighborhood men within hours. Despite our adversity, or perhaps because of it, Buffalonians are proud of who we are: loyal, generous, compassionate, and resourceful people linked by a common connection to each other. There aren’t many places where an entire community of volunteers pitches in to restore a park system to its original glory or, despite the city’s bankruptcy, privately raises $70 million to renovate a Frank Lloyd Wright masterpiece. Some give anonymously, like small-time vegetable merchant and amateur stock investor Walt Kaminski, who quietly gave away millions and finally revealed his legacy of support by leaving eight million dollars to local charities when he died recently. Others contribute on their own level. My grandfather knew all the panhandlers by name from passing them on his walk to work. Once, he traded his wool coat for a homeless man’s tattered one just to make sure this proud but down-on-his-luck guy had something warm to wear. The last time I went with my dad to see our mechanic, Nelson, I witnessed him refusing payment from a group of stranded Middle Eastern students whose car he had repaired because, he said, â€Å"I know they would do the same for my kids.† Growing up in Buffalo has shaped me in important ways, instilling in me kindness, generosity, resilience, integrity, authenticity, and a strong devotion to community. We Buffalonians may not be at the forefront of fashion, art, music or food, but we’re the kind of people you can depend on. So, the next time you hear the infamous refrain from â€Å"A Chorus Line† that claims â€Å"to commit suicide in Buffalo is redundant,† you can set the record straight.

The Hybrid of 35mm Film and Digital Video Thesis

The Hybrid of 35mm Film and Digital Video - Thesis Example Over time, the video from film cameras evolved from black and white into colour and now looms around extinction in the face of digital video and digital cameras. Attempts are being made in order to revitalize the decaying film camera industry such as with the introduction of the LomoKino camera that supports film video creation using a crank. The current paper will attempt to look at an effort to create a TVR commercial to popularise such cameras using video footage obtained from film cameras as well as digital cameras. Introduction The twentieth century can be seen as a time of revolution for the human race. A number of significant developments took place following the Industrial Revolution that has redefined the manner in which human beings exist and look at things. Communication is one of the key aspects that have changed altogether from the pre Industrial Revolution period to today. The printing press was a key change that introduced more and more people to printed messages and a llowed greater communication between people. In a similar manner, the invention of photography took the world by surprise. First, photography allowed people to transmit simple black and white images to convey messages. In the next step, these images were combined together to produce moving images that stunned audiences across the world. ... On the other hand, photographed images did not require any prerequisites to understand them. Naturally, photography became more and more popular with time when compared to printed texts. This major change was catalysed by the creation of moving images in the form of the earliest films. Placing moving images together allowed for easier and simpler transmission of ideas. Images became an instrument for propaganda from the very start given their effectiveness at delivering their message. Audiences around the globe were mesmerised with moving images although sound had yet not been introduced. It comes as no surprise that by the start of the twentieth century, governments around the world were utilising cinemas and moving pictures for propaganda value. By this point in time, technological advances had allowed photographers to capture images in colour. The century old tradition of photography had developed a number of different industrial standards to allow for more standardised photograph y. One of these developments depended on the use of three different colour filters namely red, green and blue in order to capture and later reproduce images. Another major development dating from this period was the development of the 35mm film that became synonymous with photography around the world. The iconic 35mm film became the symbol of the photography world such that a photographer operating anywhere around the world had access to this film. Early on this size for photographic films was adopted by Thomas Edison in liaison with Blair Camera Company from New York (Dickson, 1933). Both companies agreed to slice photographic film to a standard size of 35mm or 1.375 inches for each frame. Moreover, each frame had

Communicating Jesus in the Global Society Research Paper

Communicating Jesus in the Global Society - Research Paper Example In this regard, this study will look into one of the most profound struggles that Christians have to contend – communicating Jesus in the arena of a pluralist’s global society, in the context of multiculturalism. This is a struggle because believers in Christ are called to commune not only with people who shares their same beliefs and cultural system, but are called to be with all the peoples of the world and bear the Light of Christ.4 The encounter and interactions with other cultures necessitate a deep and solid understanding and anchoring on the faith so that â€Å"in a divided, multi-cultural, shifting global village that takes variety seriously while at the same time recognizes the essential reality of the common life that has to be expressed†5 one sees the life of faith, hope, love, and trust in God as the foundation of our being in the world, â€Å"set†¦ as His witness†.6 In light of this, the study will examine question how can Christians comm unicate Jesus in a multi-cultural world? In order to address the issue, secondary materials written by scholars in the field will serve as the primary source of this study. This study is essential as it addresses the reality of the Christian life in the age of pluralism and on how it challenges the faithful as they live in midst of differences.7 The study is divided into four parts. The first section is the introduction wherein the question of the study, its background and significance, the approach adopted to address and the structure of the study are given. The second segment will delve deeper into the question, clarifying the important points inherent in the nature. While, the third segment will tackle the various ways identified in order to communicate Jesus in a multi-cultural world and finally, the conclusion wherein the position of the position of the paper will be reiterated and some personal insights of the researcher will be shared. In the midst of the inherent differences perceptible in contemporary Christian landscape, Christians are continuously called to actually live the faith and bear witness to the goodness of God not only by words, but also via our actions and interactions with others. As such, Christians are enjoined to â€Å"Always be prepared to give an answer to everyone who asks you to give the reason for the hope that you have. But do this with gentleness and respect, keeping a clear conscience†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 8 Christians in a Multi-Cultural World: Of Connections and Reality Christians are currently living in a world wherein encounters among culture are a common instance and possibility of interaction with different nationalities is part of everyday life. As mentioned, globalization has set this reality and it has provided the framework wherein the increasing interdependence and interconnectedness of nations affect the values, beliefs, and faith of people in the grassroots. Looking at the issue of

Managing Change Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Managing Change Report - Essay Example However, it has been a recognized fact that in an organizational context it is quite easier to determine and plan about initiating any change process than to execute it. This is because it is simpler to change systems as well as processes rather than to change the notion and the perception of people towards any impending change. It is recognized fact that people in an organization i.e. employees are the key players and drivers in order to achieve desired success from initiating any change process. There in lies the need for proper communication of change among the employees with the aim to improve and to tackle any behavioral problem that can occur (Neogroup, 2007). The report intends to recognize and to develop a comprehensive strategy that can be implemented in an organizational perspective to efficiently communicate a significant shift in the company direction. The change that is to be initiated will encompass alterations of senior managerial level and incorporation of additional workforce. In the organizational scenario, in case of change management process a significant problem which generally takes place is regarding proper communication of change. An organization’s higher management primarily desires to initiate a change process in order to bring in certain positive alterations in the organizational fortune. These change requiring situations often include alterations in senior management and induction of additional staff in the organizational workforce. If these situations are not handled properly then it can lead to unpleasant work environment, resentment among the employees and low employee morale among others. These factors can in turn create an inverse reaction within the organizational context and any positive desired outcome can become void (Government Office For the South West, 2007). Communication can be â€Å"defined as the exchange of an information, thought and emotion between individuals of groups, in other words, communication plays a

Being a Stepmother Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Being a Stepmother - Essay Example In the year 2001, my husband was in the process of getting sole custody of his two daughters and thus, since I had gotten married to him recently, I was going to be a part of a ‘package deal’. Today those two children are like a blessing in my life, they have helped me a great deal in learning a lot of things about life and gaining experiences. Sometimes however, I do wish that I was their real mother because it is a tough task to watch these children grow up with a ‘friend’ rather than with a mother or a guiding light in the true sense. Despite these adversities however, being a stepmother is a very difficult thing to do and to accomplish this task over time is an even tougher aspect of life. It was extremely sad to know that their mother abandoned them because no child wants to grow up to question why their mother left them; these children still have a void in their life which I have been trying to fill every single day. In the beginning, it was difficult for me to converse with them knowing that I would have to be their mother for the rest of their life and that it was their choice whether or not to accept me as the same. It is not easy for young girls, especially ones whose dad was in the army and they had thus grown up against the backdrop of a hard life, to be able to accept someone into their hearts so easily. Knowing this, I plunged into the situation trying to become their friend rather than their mother because I knew that the only way I could teach them and help them along their journey of life was by letting them know that I would be there as a friend first and that I was not trying to replace their mother in any way. Even though their mother abandoned them, the children were not furious about the situation; had they been so, they would have been extremely reluctant to accept another mother in their life for fear of losing out on her as well. However, they took me in as a big sister or a friend first and slowly with time ha ve come to terms with the fact that I am to play the role of the mother in their lives. A stepmother has a wicked stereotype in today’s world, and even though it is easy for children to accept stepfathers today, being a stepmother is hard because of the immense number of stories that a child hears these days about bad stepmothers. Since both the daughters were at a young stage in their lives, scared and vulnerable with respect to their emotions and feelings, it was indeed very difficult for me to sort out my feelings with respect to them and adopt them as my own. For me as well, I wanted to give birth to children rather than to have them already blossoming into young girls, however today I have realised the importance of raising a child; it does not matter what the child’s age is but how the child responds to their parents and what kind of a human being the child has been shaped into by the parents, from whichever age onwards it might be. I was extremely scared to be r ejected by my daughters initially as well, however, with love from both sides, we were able to make each other’s understand that this change that was going to be taking place in all our lives would be a significant and successful one with lots of love and affection as well as understanding being delivered on a mutual basis. Today, I am extremely close to the children since my husband is in the military and thus we get to spend

The Impact of the Increase of Cigarette Taxes Term Paper

The Impact of the Increase of Cigarette Taxes - Term Paper Example This term paper focuses mostly on the implication of the increased cigarette tax to smokers, to the target beneficiary of the law and to the government. The researcher also gives light on how the cigarette tax is implemented. Studies and articles reviewed in the paper show strong indication of positive and negative effects of additional cigarette taxes. It has pointed out that the low-income earners and the youth are the categories of smokers who are most likely to quit due to the economic reason of price. The real loser in any price increase is the smoking public who shoulders the cost passed on to them by manufacturers, distributors, and retailers through the tiers of taxes imposed by the government. The positive growth of government revenue is shown as tax increases government income. As a source of revenue, tax collections increase as higher taxes are imposed thereby providing a source of revenue for project allotments. In this term paper, the tax hike in 2009 is intended to bene fit the expansion of the State Children Insurance Program. But this is contradicted that the amount of collection will not be sufficient to support this program. The researcher then concludes that cigarette tax is a conflicting policy that has to be weighed in terms of revenue generation, health promotion, and social considerations. However, it is an economic tool that balances economic and social policy. In Asian experience, their policy favored the tax increase, in the same way, that this year, US has implemented cigar tax hike.

Memorandum. The intentional infliction of emotional distress case Assignment

Memorandum. The intentional infliction of emotional distress case study - Assignment Example The relevant law to be used in this case is the intentional infliction of emotional distress. In this case, it will be determined whether Mr. Crane should be charged for intentional infliction of emotional distress on Ms. Jeffers. The case has not been filed but it is probable that Ms. Jeffers will sue Mr. Crane for intentional infliction of emotional distress, particularly, his conduct was extreme and outrageous. The law states for the conduct to be extreme and outrageous, the distress must be able to affect the functionality of the plaintiff’s professional or personal life. Several cases have used the law and different interpretations have been given on the outcome of the cases. Mr. Crane’s conduct is probably not extreme and outrageous. This is because the law states that for a conduct to be regarded as extreme and outrageous, the distress is supposed to have a significant impact on the plaintiff’s professional and personal life. Mr. Crane acted out of goodwill and Ms. Jeffers interfered with the conversation between him and Christy. According to the cases discussed, it is evident that prove must be given to indicate that the defendant’s conduct was extreme and outrageous. The law states that for the defendant’s conduct to be regarded extreme and outrageous, it must be outrageous in character and extreme such that it is beyond the degree of decency. The extreme and outrageous behavior may arise from abuse of the individual or from the significant authority given to defendant (or the power he or she possesses) over the other such that he can influence his or her interests. ... Application Mr. Crane’s remarks are not enough to prove that he caused emotional distress on Ms. Jeffers. Based on the second case, it can be argued that Mr. Crane was doing his duty as a â€Å"gymnastics coach† and he knew the strengths and weaknesses of each student. Thus, in his opinion based on the performance of the student, he could give a conclusive statement about the student. Just like Mattix-Hill, conflicts of duties and interests emerged. Though Mr. Crane talked in a harsh tone, this cannot be enough to consider his conduct as extreme and outrageous. In the first case, it is clearly stated that indignities, annoyances, mere insults, petty oppressions, or even threats do not amount to be considered as extreme and outrageous conduct. Ms. Jeffers has not yet claimed that she has suffered emotional distress from the remarks made by Mr. Crane. However, if she claims, it will be important that she prove that the coach caused emotional distress as seen in all the four cases. Th e fact that Mr. Crane talked in an inhumane manner, his conduct can still be regarded as extreme and outrageous if Ms. Jeffers gives sufficient evidence. Thus, Ms. Jeffers can win the claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress. However, Mr. Crane’s conduct is probably not extreme and outrageous.

650 questions 3 and 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

650 questions 3 and 4 - Assignment Example This method is the best since it considers the time value of money, incorporates all the future cash flows, and has clear criteria of how to decide whether to invest in the project. (Drake & Fabozzi, 2002) Besides, the rate used in discounting is the cost of capital which can be determined with certainty rather than being assumed. Drake & Fabozzi (2002) further underscores that in as much as the internal rate of return (IRR) is a good way of making an investment decision; it is a bit complex and sometimes results into conflicting results. IRR measures the expected rate of the investments that is made by an investor. In instances that the cash flows are both negative and positive, IRR has led to the determination of more than one rate of return thus making it difficult for an investor to make informed and profitable decisions. It should however be noted that in as much as the modified internal rate of return (MIRR) can be used where IRR is improper, MIRR is more complex and cannot be easily understood by those without financial knowledge. NPV thus remains a simple method of making investment appraisal that will certainly help maximize shareholders returns. To ensure that the limited resources are placed in the most profitable investments, the need for capital budgeting cannot be overemphasized. The use of the various investment appraisal methods have been exploited to help make capital budgeting decisions. Most importantly, NPV approach has been lauded as the best method of helping make capital decisions. Nonetheless, NPV alone is not sufficient since other important decisions affecting projects profitability cannot be easily determined by the use of this approach. Sensitivity analysis, scenario analysis, and Monte Carlo simulations have further been used to analyze the returns arising from investment portfolios. When using sensitivity analysis in making capital decisions, investors get to determine the extent to which a change in a specific cost

Obesity in Children Essay Example for Free

Obesity in Children Essay What parents allow their children to eat can affect their bodies and their life. Most children don’t realize the effects of long term illnesses such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart condition and high blood pressure. Taxing unhealthful foods and beverages could prove an important strategy to overconsumption and potentially aid in weight loss and reduced rates of diabetes among children and adults. Junk food should be taxed because it will reduce obesity, type 2 diabetes, and health care costs. First of all, taxing junk food will lower obesity among Americans. The increase in both soda and pizza found that many Americans would still buy junk food regardless of a price increase. Taxing of sugary beverages at a penny-per-ounce rate with the goal of decreasing consumption of obesity caused in drinks. The junk food tax would fund obesity related health initiatives such as diabetes care. Obesity has been acknowledged as a national problem, notion of taxing junk food doesn’t seem so bad. Secondly, Americans need to take better control over what they eat and what they feed their children. We must take a stand against obesity, type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and heart disease in children and young adults. Most fast foods contain process meats and considered unhealthy in children. Americans don’t have an ideal what they are eating in fast food restaurants. How the government determined what foods should be served in schools. A couple of school systems such as Texas and California had a great idea to remove soft drinks, pop, soda, energy drinks and cola from the schools lunch rooms along with fast foods such as burgers, French fries, hot ogs and convenience stores, too fight the obesity epidemic among the United States and children. Replace drinks with orange juice, and water. Replace fast foods with fresh fruits, vegetables, salads and exercise. Obesity in the United States has risen from 48 percent to 65 percent within the last thirty years and so has health care which has sky racket. We need to be more proactive in saving our children by eating healthier f oods in the home and school. Schools need to change the vending machines to reflect eating healthy will help the body to become healthier. The school environment, nutrition, organizational support groups, school policies that take away things such as sweetened beverages, and replace them with water, juice, fruit, vegetables and less junk food. Availability of less healthful food and beverages in schools is worldwide. Despite changes in improving school food environment, availability of high fat food such things as pizza and hamburgers remain high in United States schools. Canadian elementary schools seem to have fewer vending machines, but less healthful food and beverages are available to all grades as they are made available through outlets such as cafeteria, school stores. It is said that schools may influence students into eating unhealthy by the lunches they provide and the vending machines that are in schools. Lastly, fast foods are not good because they have no nutrition value, most children that consume fast foods on a daily basic start to gain weight due to lack of exercise. Children watch more TV and play more video games than exercising. Less exercise in schools, have also been a major factor contributing to obesity in children. Fast foods make children tired, the more you eat the less energy you have. When you walk into a store whether it’s a large grocery store or a small convenience store the lack of fruits and vegetables are small. Most children and adults are unaware that they have high cholesterol and high blood pressure. Most children who suffer from obesity also have a high rate of asthma. It would be a good idea if governments would rate schools on lunches they are providing to students. The school should prohibit advertising of fast foods, sweets and pop, prohibit use of less healthful foods , provide advertising that deals with eating healthy and healthy foods such as fruits, vegetables, seek educational requirements for school food and include requirements for nutrition education. Include exercise in the diet each day that way children won’t feel tried after eating lunch. They will burn off fast and their bodies will feel better and become better in the long run. We need our children to be healthy. We need to avoid sickness, obesity, type 2 diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure. Americans need to limit the intake of fast foods and start looking at healthy choices for themselves and their children. Medical bills have sky racket. If we plan to keep our generation of children around we better start looking at better ways of eating and providing nutrient in our everyday diet. Most people have cars, less people walk, ride bikes, or exercise. We have become lazy when it comes to exercise and eating healthy. Look at your children and ask yourself, do I want my child to continue looking like this, obese, sick and unhealthy.

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example for Free

Rhetorical Analysis Essay Do you struggle to find equilibrium between excelling at work and spending productive, quality time with loved ones at home? With the technology that is available in the twenty first century, it is now possible for educated professionals to decide whether they would like to work from home and collaborate with family members to meet work demands. Alesia Montgomery is an African American Ethnographer who wrote â€Å"Kitchen Conferences and Garage Cubicles: The Merger of Home and Work in the 24-7 Global Economy†. This study was one of many published in 2008’s book entitled The Changing Landscape of Work and Family in the American Middle Class: Reports From the Field, which focused on â€Å"providing insights into the changing nature of working families in the United States† (1008). Montgomery’s main argument is that today’s modern society and global economy have enabled families to â€Å"merge work and home in quasi-entrepreneurial ways† (1018), which will in turn deepen the attachment between family members. Her secondary claim is that the merging of these two worlds does not come without a downside; your home will no longer â€Å"serve as a refuge from job pressures† (1018) and job demands may be â€Å"made more invasive by the use of innovative communication technology† (1019). The main purpose of this essay is to identify and analyze Montgomery’s main and secondary arguments, to describe two types of support she uses, how they help her claims, and to identify her intended audience. Montgomery proposes that â€Å"transformations in gender relations, management strategies, and technological practices† (1018) play integral roles in the opportunities for families to decide how to combine or balance their home lives with work demands. She goes on to state that women’s access to equal education and equal employment opportunities have â€Å"expanded the possibilities for spousal collaboration in technical professions† (1010), and that being able to collaborate on work projects at home will create a more intimate and interdependent family. She then provides statistics showing the percentage of women graduating with a degree in engineering jumped 16. 5% in just 30 years (1011). The statistics provide hard evidence to her claim that women are gaining increasing access to technology based jobs, and appeals to the reader’s logos. Montgomery spent a period of five years in the field following a couple in their thirties, who were living in one of these collaborative, â€Å"job-sharing† (1012) middle class families in order to obtain â€Å"a view of the world from their perspective† (1008). Basing her argument off this research provides a stronger emotional connection to the writing than if Montgomery were to use sweeping generalizations throughout. Montgomery structures her essay in a narrative format, writing in the first person. She was successful at attempting to appeal to her audience’s ethos by making her writing less formal while keeping an educated voice. The writing opens with an introduction to Marjenah and Steve, who share a home with Marjenah’s parents in Silicon Valley. Montgomery appeals to her readers’ pathos by illustrating the family’s world: â€Å"Emails, faxes and phone calls linked their home to high-tech firms within Silicon Valley. Although there were no parking lots or numbered suites, their neighborhood†¦was, in some sense, a busy industrial park† (1009). Montgomery recalls the different ways in which they rely upon each other, and states that the interdependence this family possesses is an opportunity for each member help one another handle job demands. She details the countless nights Steve spent on his wife’s projects after getting home from his job as well as the way Marjenah was needed to proof read Steve’s reports and to review her mother’s paperwork for her department store job. The father worked at an outside tech firm, but served as the family’s technical support (1016). This ethnographic research directly relates to her main point that equality in the education within a family has enabled collaboration in the home, and allows us to spend more time with those we love. Combining the statistics that show women gaining access to technical jobs are increasing with the representation of a modern, job-sharing family that include both sexes collaborating on high-tech projects helps validate the essay’s argument. Montgomery’s goal is to inform families of new opportunities on how to balance work and home life, so in order to provide a full picture; she explores the potential downsides to living in a modern job-sharing family. Montgomery’s secondary claim states that working collaboratively on â€Å"job tasks at home† (1018) will increase â€Å"family cohesion† (1018), but that this combination will in turn eliminate the idea of your home being an escape from job pressures. She helps substantiate this argument by referring again to the subjects of her study, an emotional appeal. Steve summarized his perception of the situation, explaining that â€Å"job demands limited the control that they had over the time and space of family life† (1019). Montgomery makes her audience connect to this point on an emotional level by describing the conflicts the couple experienced because of the stresses their job-sharing created. She details Marjenah having to â€Å"constantly manage sounds† (1015), as well as the couple getting into arguments over the amount of energy each puts into one another’s work, citing that sometimes the main incentive for them to make up was the pressure of work calling again. It is clear to the reader that Montgomery is simply making an argument to explore this alternative lifestyle. She uses many different types of support throughout her writing in order to make her argument more informative; two will be analyzed further. Montgomery continuously includes professional opinions with quotes from past studies that are on the same topic as her own work. This gives the reader necessary background knowledge on the topic, by allowing the audience to have a more complete understanding as to how the economy has been playing a role in the decisions we make regarding how we balance our lives, since the Industrial Revolution. She opens with a quote from nineteenth century writer John Ruskin, which states home will only be home, until â€Å"the anxieties of the outer life penetrate into it† (1008). This grabs her reader’s attention, and provides a possible thesis for her writing. Montgomery explains separating work and home life has not always been the normal ideal, giving her reader a brief history on the â€Å"transformation of family labor from agrarian to high-tech work† (1010). She does this with quotes and ideas from over ten different sources, many of the sources she chose are known in the fields of Anthropology and Sociology. This is extremely helpful for her ethical appeal, because it shows Montgomery took the time to gain an understanding of the contextual relevance of her selected topic. Some of the work she cites claims things such as â€Å"In the early twentieth century, corporations supplanted many family firms, credentialed engineers replaced informally trained mechanics, and ‘big science’†¦rose to prominence. †(1011) and that â€Å"Industrial transformations†¦increasingly removed production from the home, while cultural transformations valorized home as a haven from the harsh work world† (1010). This relates to the quote she opens with, because Ruskin was one of the numerous writers pushing to get the â€Å"rising middle class to embrace this new ideal† (1010), raising the question of the motives behind said quote. Including other pieces of writing that claim technology is what played a key factor in changing the way individuals and families balanced their two lives, historically, helps her introduce the idea that â€Å"separate spheres are not necessarily the most desirable family and work forms† (1018). Montgomery uses examples to support her arguments, which helps create a mental image in her audience’s mind while reading her work. Her research gathered while with Marjenah’s family, is her most used example, and is a very effective form of support. In Montgomery’s eyes, â€Å"Marjenah’s family exemplifies how new technologies, management strategies, and gender relations are changing the possibilities for work collaborations within households† (1012). She refers to their specific situation as a way to personalize Montgomery’s generalized emphasis on women’s equality in education and job opportunities as being the main factor in society once again giving families the option to â€Å"draw in† and collaborate on work. She uses examples while giving her audience background knowledge of this topic. She starts with an example describing how â€Å"employers relied upon fathers to discipline family work units in some early factories† (1010). She makes the claim that shop-keeping families saw â€Å"kin as sources of income† (1010), more specifically using examples such as â€Å"the baker’s wife iced cakes a few steps from her husband, the butcher and his son chopped meat on the same counter, and for the family of grocers home and work merged† (1010). These examples support her statement that â€Å"the separation of spheres was neither decisive nor abrupt. † (1010). Montgomery does a sufficient job regarding the amount of support she provides her audience with to back up her argument. Every writer has an intended audience. Montgomery’s study was published in a book that has a goal to highlight how culture shapes family life during shifting social and economic landscapes, so it should address a fairly educated audience. The background information provided implies that she was keeping in mind the fact that not everyone who picks up her book will have an understanding of the different norms our society has gone through regarding the separation of work and home life. To conclude, Montgomery was very successful in presenting her argument that â€Å"contemporary gender relations, management strategies and technological practices enable divers family and work forms†¦Far from weakening family bonds, these mergers of work foster family cohesion† (1010). She appealed to her audience’s logos by providing facts, statistics, expert opinions, and by citing other pieces of work on her topic. This also helped her ethical appeal, as did the personal afterward detailing her background and her credentials. Using the example of Marjenah’s family, along with the baker, butcher and grocers, helped Montgomery emotionally appeal to her audience, and to get her point across. Overall, Montgomery presented her argument very clearly; it was fact based, and very informative which makes her exploratory purpose a success.

SWOT Analysis of Venezuela and Kerala

SWOT Analysis of Venezuela and Kerala (S)trengths: A natural endowment of the world’s most demanded resource, namely oil. Huge reserves of crude oil in the country. A boom in the oil price in the international market causes a flourishing of the Venezuelan economy; a rise in the employment rate and the GDP of the country. It also runs a current account surplus owing to the surplus revenues earned from oil. The non-oil sector has also been growing at a steady and fast pace. Finance and insurance has grown 258.4 percent during the current expansion, an average of 26.1 percent annually; construction, which has grown 159.4 percent, or 18.9 percent annually; trade and repair services (152.8 percent, or 18.4 percent annually); transport and storage (104.9 percent, or 13.9 percent annually); and communications (151.4 percent, or 18.3 percent annually). Manufacturing grew 98.1 percent during the expansion, or 13.2 percent per year. (W)eaknesses: An overdependence on the oil industry often leads the economy to come crashing down in the case of drop in oil prices. The constant political instability in the region leads to rapid policy changes and an overarching control of the military forces in private and public spheres. (O)pportunities: Foreign public debt is low, at about 9.8 percent of GDP. Principal payments for the next four years are about $1.5 billion a year, which is very modest. Therefore Venezuela could also increase its borrowing internationally if necessary, but it is extremely unlikely to encounter any balance of payments problems. In the face of strong deflationary pressures, Venezuela’s inflation is likely to continue falling in the near future. Challenges: The main challenge for Venezuela in the next couple of years is to implement an effective stimulus package that can keep the economy on a steady growth path. Venezuela could make infrastructure and other public investments that will increase productivity in the years that follow. (T)hreats: Current concerns are a weakening of democratic institutions, political polarization, a politicized military, drug-related violence along the Colombian border, increasing internal drug consumption, overdependence on the petroleum industry with its price fluctuations, and irresponsible mining operations that are endangering the rain forest and indigenous peoples. Theoretical Lessons learnt from Venezuela: Venezuelan government revenue and oil revenue into the country are indivisible as it constitutes a major chunk of its GDP. A more balanced version of the Big Push model could facilitate other sectors to move forward like agriculture and industries, and this would lead to product diversification. Equitable distribution and efficiency are positive functions of a balance between private and public undertakings. Only public ownership and maintenance fuels corruption and inefficiencies. Kerala Kerala is located at the southern tip of India and was formed in 1956. In terms of area, it constitutes only 1.275% of India; it accounts for 33.3 million of the total Indian population .i.e. 2.76% of the total. It is the third densest state in India but this camouflaged by plush green biodiversity. Like Venezuela, Kerala too is a resource-driven country, exporting its ecology .This is in the form of tourism and also the export of primary products like coffee, coconuts and spices. Ecology plays an important role in the Kerala economy by providing a diversified natural resource base, enabling a large degree of occupational diversification. A comparison between Venezuela and Kerala. Variables Venezuela Kerala Longevity Total population:74.39 years male:71.26 years female:77.67 years (2014 est.) Total population: 74 years. Male: 71.67 yrs Female:77.2 yrs Adult Literacy (2013) Total-84.1 Female- 83.9% Male- 84.2% (2011) Total- 94% Female-100.76 % Male-96.11% Gross Enrolment Ratio(mainly primary school) It was 103% in 2009-10, and dropped to 102% in 2011-12. This percent exceeds 100 due to the inclusion of over-aged and under-aged students because of early or late school entrance and grade repetition. 100 % Gross Enrolment Ratio. GDP per capita 12,729 NA Infant and child mortality 2009 The child (below 5 yrs) mortality rate was 17.5(a drop in rate as compared to previous years above 18 ratios), per 1000 live births. The infant mortality rate was 15 per 1000 live births 2005-06 Child mortality rate is 16.3, and infant mortality rate is 15.3 per 1000 live births. Secondary school enrolment Secondary school enrolment (% gross) was 83.48 as of 2011. Over the past 40 years this indicator reached a maximum value of 83.48 in 2011 and a minimum value of 35.15 in 1971. 45% of the total population enters into higher secondary education. Incidence on poverty The policies of the Bolivarian Government has caused poverty to fall to 23% in 2009 from 70.3% in the second half of 1996 accompanied by 40% of extreme poverty and a record inflation rate of 103%. The incidence of rural poverty has declined in the 1980s in spite of the slow rate of growth of the economy Maternal mortality 92 deaths/100,000 live births (2010) Lowest maternal mortality rate in India. 66 deaths/100,000 live births (2010-12) Tertiary Enrolment 78% of the total population of the five-year age group following on from secondary school leaving. Neglect on higher education. For example, in 1998-99, such a ratio is estimated to be 5.6 per cent in Kerala, compared to 5.9 per cent in the country as a whole on average Gini-coefficient for income distribution 0.482 0.40 HDI 0.748 0.625 Kerala and Venezuela are similar on grounds of following a path towards very high GDP. However, as much as they have been showing rapid development, an important issue which poses a huge problem for both economies is that of social security threatened by Crime, and the widespread corruption. Presently, in 2013, after the death of President Chavez, President Maduro took over, the Venezuelan economy has been experiencing acute shortages due to turmoil. Marginal Propensity to consume is very high currently in Venezuela due to high inflation and shortages. In Venezuela, growth in the money supply leads to inflation. This growth in money supply is caused by an almost near full employment level in the economy.There is high consumption in basic commodities such as milk, butter, coffee, cornmeal and toilet paper. This shortage has been caused due to theState-controlled prices – prices that are set below market-clearing price.Many factories operate at half capacity because the currency controls make it hard for them to pay for imported parts and materials. Business leaders say some companies verge on bankruptcy because they cannot extend lines of credit with foreign suppliers. In April 2013, Venezuelas scarcity index reached its highest level since 2009, while the 12-month inflation rate has risen to nearly 30%. Shoppers often spend several days looking for basic items, and stock up when they find them. Therefore, their Marginal propensity to save is extremely low. The protests have hit the streets, but are controlled in a very gruesome matter by the government and military loyalists of the government. There is a lot of crime even among the police force. The basic freedom of speech is curtailed as the media is controlled by the President. ‘Colectivos’ is the name given to gangs of thugs sponsored by the state to hush the opposition. Venezuela is declared to be the second most corrupt country, and is also the most crime ridden country in Latin America. In Kerala, Crime rate statistics in terms of offences coming under the ambit of the Indian Penal Code during 2012 have put Kerala on top with 455.8 cases for every 1,00,000 persons. There is also corruption which permeates all sections of society. Policy Implications    The first step toward decreasing the income distribution gap is to increase transparency of public funds. When there is high corruption at the federal and state level, government revenues and expenditures may be miscalculated or misguided in order to swindle funds. Making sure that funds are appropriately allocated and that federal assets and liabilities are properly recorded will ensure soundness of the economy. Kerala is one of India’s most unequal states in terms of income inequalities, as 10% of India’s richest lives there. Therefore, Kerala can adopt from Venezuela the policies of social inclusion in order to attain a more equitable society. Other ways the government can decrease the number of people below the poverty is to reduce or eliminate the value-added tax (VAT). The VAT is a regressive tax on consumable goods and services at all stages of production. The VAT takes a larger proportion of a poor person’s income than the wealthy person’s income. Decreasing the VAT will increase disposable income and may stimulate consumption. There should be a constant check on poverty, as that can drag the economy down. In Venezuela, continuing to make sure that the Misiones are effective at increasing living standards will increase is important. The Misiones cannot be a publicity stunt; in order for there to be a decrease in poverty, there must be an increase in the standard of living. Access to low-cost food, high-quality education, and healthcare should not be a privilege of the wealthy, but rather a standard for all. Higher (tertiary) education is developing in Venezuela, and is almost completely neglected in Kerala. Therefore there needs to be policies in place to ensure the enhancement of this education. Increasing scholarships to go to a university will also stimulate growth. Education will increase human capital and will lead to an expansion of the production possibility frontier. In order for education to be most effective for economic growth, curriculum should be up to international standards. In order for there to be an increase in human capital, which will increase the production possibility frontier, universal quality education should be provided. Food shortages and inflation on food are also of international concern. In order to protect the citizens from malnutrition and starvation, the government must continue to provide access to low-cost essential agricultural products. In order to protect the citizens from dropping below the poverty line, the government must increase domestic production of agricultural goods. Since crime and corruption appears to be a common problem faced by both these economic spaces, it is important that a stricter, rigid penal code be in place with its appropriate execution. When the law is strong, the rates of crimes drop. Conclusion Venezuela, a so-called leading Latin-American nation, has still a long way to go in order to transform completely into a ‘developed’ nation. It needs a more deeply-entrenched structural and government change, most preferably a democracy. The current autocratic government is creating an aura of fear for the people to live in, and the extreme socialism is destroying industry and trade. People’s basic and fundamental rights are being compromised upon. Kerala, although one of the most developed states in India, still lacks in a few parameters. Higher education is completely neglected; high rates of crime and murders; widespread corruption, etc. Thus, policy needs to cater to these needs of the hour.

The Definitions and Arguments of Literacy :: Technology Literary Works Essays

The word â€Å"literacy† conveys different meanings to different people. Some people may accept a single definition, while others may develop complex, multi-faceted meanings of the word. This essay explores a broad range of literary definitions, arguments and statistics to convey a clearer picture of how people embrace literacy. Throughout this essay, we will focus on three sources: the National Endowment for the Arts (NEA) recently published â€Å"Reading at Risk† report, and two pieces by Nancy Kaplan, Professor and Director of the University of Baltimore’s School of Information Arts and Technologies. The â€Å"Reading at Risk† report published in June 2004, proclaims the findings of a Census Bureau survey performed in 2002. Survey participants were asked questions over the telephone about their reading habits, participation in civic activities, TV watching and the like. The NEA holds that a gradual decline in reading over the past twenty years has occurred. Even more recently, they claim that a 10% decline has occurred within the past 14 years suggesting a more rapid decline in the years to come (NEA, 2004). According to this report, literacy is defined as the ability to read high quality works, which require increased intellectual capacity, dependent upon a reader’s education, culture and social skills. The report doesn’t mention that reading online, whether news or novels, is acceptable; therefore, it would seem that they are ignoring a large percentage of where and how people are doing reading today. In fact, it appears that the NEA supports the notion t hat with the rise of the Internet, literacy declined as people began â€Å"surfing† in favor of reading literary works, which supposedly require more detailed cognitive skills to absorb. One of the things â€Å"Reading at Risk† does well is offer statistics: People who read are 3 times more likely to go to a performance event and 4 times more likely to visit a museum; People who watch no TV are 1.475 times more likely to read 12+ books per year; 59.4% of people who make over $75k a year are literate (NEA, 2004). Yet it discounts modern mediums, such as the internet, other hypertexts and online publications, a bone of contention for people such as Kaplan. Kaplan holds that traditional society might harbor some ill will toward these online publications and consider them threats, but she goes on to further assert that these texts are growing up with the times—fast-paced, ubiquitous and evolving dynamically (for the better).

Atomic Bomb Essay -- essays research papers

On the morning of August 6, 1945, the first Atomic Bomb in history was dropped on the Japanese city of Hiroshima. Three days later, a second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Soon after, on August 14, 1945, the Japanese abruptly surrendered, abandoning their ancient customs regarding honor in war. The fact that only two bombs were able to bring an entire country to its knees is a true testament to the awesome power they held. There is nothing in modern warfare that can compete with the devastating effects of nuclear weapons.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  At the beginning of World War II, the Japanese were a major threat to the Asian World. On December 7, 1941, when they decided to attack Pearl Harbor (a US naval base in Hawaii), it was evident that their intentions were not limited to Asia. The United States entered World War II as a result of this attack. The war continued for six long years, and involved most of the major World Powers. During this time, there were many battles between the United States and Japan, including one of the bloodiest battles of World War II, which took place at Okinawa. If allowed to expand, Japan posed a serious threat to the allies.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  During the war, one of the most brilliant scientists in history, Albert Einstein, hypothesized that if the true power of the atom were released in a weapon, the results would be devastating. This was soon confirmed by a large portion of the scientific community. Whoever possessed such a weapon would be in complete power. Many government officials felt that such a weapon could put an end to the war. For this reason, in 1942, the United States decided to pursue the atomic bomb. Later that year, Franklin D. Roosevelt began the Manhattan Project.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Manhattan Project was a massive engineering enterprise aimed at the ultimate goal of creating an atomic bomb. At one time it employed over 129,000 workers. The United States was the only nation in the world with the capacity to work on such a high level. Though it cost approximately $2 billion dollars, many officials who knew about the Top Secret project felt it was well worth it- if the Atomic Bomb proved useful. Another major expense of the United States government was the development of the B-29, a bomber plane specifically designed for dropping Atomic Bombs. The estimated cost of this project is ... ...ioned on the ends of long-range rockets, expanding the range of the weapon. Radioactive materials essential to the construction of a Nuclear Weapon are now more readily available to small countries and terrorists. This poses the threat of Nuclear Warfare, which could ultimately end in the extinction of humanity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Nuclear Weapons cannot be â€Å"uninvented†, so therefore we must learn to live with the possible threat of Nuclear War. The first Atomic Bombs were used to end a war, however that was in the days when the only nation in possession of them was the United States. Today, if a Nuclear War broke out, the defensive nation would most likely return fire, which could result in a global incident. It is unlikely that all of the world’s Nuclear Weapons will ever be destroyed, since the possession of them provides protection from a Nuclear Strike by another country. They are a mediating factor in times of war. Due to human nature, all we can do is hope that they are never used, and that the destruction and bloodshed brought about by the first Atomic Bomb taught us a lesson. It is even possible that this kind of power was never intended for mankind to discover.

privatization :: essays research papers

The social impact of privatization has been an appendage rather than being built into the design of public sector reform programs and particular measures from start to finish. The objectives and the process of privatization has to be rethought because democracy requires the fullest participation of all people in American society, not just those deemed to live in the â€Å"public sector†. What is happening is not only increasing fear of the poor, but also the privatization of public space, which is given an added push by government cut-backs. Public streets are moved indoors into malls and become private preserves. Parks and streets in gated communities are barred to anyone who does not live there. User fees are charged for the use of other parks and public facilities so that, in practice, they become the property of those who can afford the fees. Privatization of the home sector begins with high fences, heavy gates and barred windows, then proceeds to the hiring of private police to patrol the neighborhood. When that still does not produce the attitude of security, the next step is gated communities: whole subdivisions, entire condominium developments, or apartment complexes protected from the outside world by armed guards or electronic security. Ironically, the gates only provide an illusion of security, as the authors of â€Å"Fortress America† demonstrate both through the testimony of interviewees and by demonstrating the penetrability of gates by sneaking through them. Moreover, while residents idealize the gates as a means of creating community, they find that gates can actually promote divisiveness, as residents argue about gate policy and homeowner's association policies. More ominously, Blakely and Snyder argue that gates lead to increasing polarization, us-vs-them attitude of citizens, leaving cities deprived. Among the deprived and polarized are children. They are usually denied a variety of culture as many gated communitites tend not to be richly diverse in class or ethnic standing. This deficiency of being raised surrounded by diversity can play a key role in the increase of feelings of apathy toward those of different ethnic or social background; and in extreme cases, can lead to school violence. Young people who grow up together in the streets and in the poorer neighborhoods are more likely than others to develop attitudes based on respect, and on the pleasure of being together. Gated communitites have a tendency to become inward-looking, withdrawing into itself, combined with a rude, exclusive and stigmatizing attitude with regard to particular groups or individuals who are perceived as threats; or increased social control by one population group over another.

Unit 19 P3

P3 – Plan marketing for a micro start-up business that is relevant to customer needs a) Marketing definition and opportunity At East Side we understand that we cannot sell to the whole market, but by knowing the size and trends in the market we will be able to assess future opportunities and predict future sales patterns. The people who will buy from us include middle class – professional people, these individuals can be either high earners or those on a budget. b) Proposed target marketing segments Age 20-45 years SexMale/Female OccupationProfessional people/middle class Income? 18,000 and above ) Demand for product The reasons for demand of our products include: The area is just developing due to the construction of the London Luton Airport. It will benefit from the boost in tourist – those self-catering tourist who will require our services and due to our strategic location consumers must shop as there are no other routes to and from the Airport. d) Competitio n There are many rivals offering similar products and services, in an effort to attract customers and be different our consumers will be able to shop in spacious air conditioned comfort. * Leaflets will also be place in the weekly newspaper. Flyers will also be distributed and interested parties can make an order through the contact details on the flyer. * Our sales team covers every village and town. * We are open 24/7 and do home deliveries to our customers * Loyalty cards which offer benefits to loyal customers Also a unique feature of East side is the meat department which is the walk-in refrigerated cooler. It is an experience like no other. Customers can stroll through isles of the largest selections of bulk meats, fresh cut meats and provisions; a customer can always be assured to find their favourite cuts.A customer can select a bulk item and have it custom cut by our experienced butcher at no additional charge. e) How success will be measured To ensure that our marketing ef forts were successful, East Side will check performance in: * Stock turnover – this will enable us to identify which items or services are slow to sell and which are very popular and to review the product mix effectively. * Customer satisfaction – if customers are happy this in turn will generate more sales, we will review all complaints and comments and their views on our prices and other improvements they may want us to make. Sales levels – a monthly analysis will help our business to identify patterns in sales and show when we need to take action to boost sales. * The amount of new customers who visit the business f) Other external influences Government regulations All VAT (Value Added Tax) will be paid over to the Government. This can create cash flow problem for the business, because all VAT is payable on all sales, including credit sales, which means that the business has to pay over VAT before the money is actually collected from the customer.If the busin ess fails to pay the VAT, then eventually the Government will send authorities to insist on payments or face legal actions. Ethical Issues Expiry Dates: All expired products will be removed from the shelves and will be disposed of according to local and international guidelines. Expired goods on the shelves can ruin the reputation of the business and drive away customers. It can also be dangerous to our health. Trends * People eating healthier will affect what you stock. There has been an increase in more healthful products being marketed by the major food companies than ever before. Pricing will be stable and somewhat boring compared to prior year price swings. * Private label will continue to gain market share compared to branded products. P4 – Plan a costed promotional activity for a micro start-up business that is appropriate for customer groups a) Coordinating with the rest of the marketing mix Promotion is a very important part of the marketing mix. In an effort to incl ude the other aspects of the marketing mix to reach our target customers we will do research to identify which products target customers need and will buy.Offering these will increase sales and profits. Offering products no one wants or which have expensive or unnecessary features will do the opposite. We have to decide on a price, this is the amount of money customers must exchange for the product or service. Price is a key element of the marketing mix as it generates income for the organization. All other elements of the mix incur costs. Therefore, the pricing decision is critical to the success of the organization. Finally, we have to decide where and how the products and services should be placed. b) Image to be developedThe image our promotional plan will reflect is that we are an environmentally friendly business providing for but not limited to the needs of middle class people. c) Costs and schedule for the campaign A chap an effective way our business will get noticed is by advertising on our business vehicle. We are a small business therefore we will have to spend the available money wisely. We will also advertise through the local newspaper and the internet, this will be very beneficial as both methods are relatively inexpensive newspapers provide timely information and the internet can be directly involved with promotional activities.Schedule for the campaign: The purpose of the promotional campaign is to make the public aware of the launch of our new business. This campaign will start on Monday 16th April and run for two weeks ending on the 30th April 2012. d) Types of promotional materials Not all promotional materials will attract the same customer group, this is why East Side will use different promotional methods to attract more customer groups. After studying the buying habits of our target customers and where they look for information.It was observed that a poster attracts the attention of the travelling public, leaflets are preferred when pr omoting a local service and a large amount of people will look for information online. e) Nature of the promotional materials The aim of our promotional materials is to attract attention and interest. Effective colour and wording helps to reflect the image of the business, this is why we will hire professional graphic designers to help us devise a style for our business stationery and marketing materials. This will ensure they are easily recognizable and reflect the right image. ) Name of the business The names of the business will be East Side this is because no one else has this name. The name is appropriate as it is not offensive in any way and does not already exist as a recognized brand. It will also be easy for our customers to remember. g) Ideas for branding At East Side we would like to develop a brand, this would be a major asset for us because it will help people to remember our business and if we provide a good service, it wll associate specific qualities such as, reliabi lity, value for money, honesty and professional expertise.It will also save money on marketing in the long run since customers stay loyal to a brand they know and trust. h) Website design and functionality East Side will have some presence on the internet. This will be a quite basic site which simply summarizes what we offer and where we are. The website will be very user friendly; there is a search facility where, if customers know the name or type of product they are looking for it can be easily found. We will promote our website by placing the address on all stationery and the company vehicle. ) Reasons why the promotional materials are appropriate The promotional materials will be appropriate since our target customers group is people aged between 18 and 40, these more mature individuals are more likely to read newspapers and search online for information. j) Measuring the success of promotions The success of East Side’s promotions will be measured by; the number of new e nquires received by phone or email, the number of new customers who visit the business and sales levels. The cost of each promotion will also be taken into account. If the cost is high but the benefit will be small, then an alternative method will be found.

Background Paper of Pirate Steel Company

The forager brand name Comp each is in the steel producing constancy that manufactures in the United States. The Pirate stigma Company sells its products in the United States and umteen a nonher(prenominal) nations abroad. Pirate brand was considered a leader in its industry and well-kept high standards of achievement until foreign competition began to affect their profitability. Though Pirate marque has never been very approach sense of right and wrong in achievement operations, the increases in material, labor, and other inventories has made a deep meet in Pirate Steels view on minimizing follows. With an increase in exertion costs, the selling price of the beau mondes manufactured superbs increased as well. This increase in prices had to be intimately monitored refer adapted to competition.With new regulations on production expenses, the people in production, like the foreperson and the four-in-hand, had the constitutional burden on them since they had to just ify tout ensemble affect and alimentation expenditures. With new procedures, any devise secernate skeletal system had to be exaggerated so that it seemed necessary for rectify and maintenance expenditures. Since the work order forms were exaggerated, the comptroller found that these pass ons were filled with misleading instruction. solely expenses were recorded decently, further an external attender powerfulness question the fictionalized reports.The honest predicament of Pirate Steel Company is that the foreperson conspired a strategy to adhere maintenance and repair orders approved by providing misleading selective propoundation about the extent of the reports. The work order forms seemed to imply that new equipment was bought each cartridge holder a repair was requisite. With this type of fictionalized data given, the external auditors may question the account statement methods pertaining to repair and maintenance.The stakeholders in this situation a re the foreperson, the accountant, customers, shareholders, management, and the executives. The foreperson was the one who initially created the plan of falsification information about repair and maintenance directs. He did this beca example of fear that any trick delays, due to failure of machinery, would be damn on him. The accountant is alike trustworthy because he must decide how he must approach this situation from an ethical standpoint. There are many options for him to choose, but only one is correct.The Utilitarian scheme emphasizes on how the consequences of an action affect the individuals involved. This is a theory of balancing negative kindly actions and benefits to minimize the negatives and maximize the benefits. The Utilitarian likely action would be use as discomfit approached the chief executive officer of Pirate Steel and requests that he evaluates the new cost control policy and the actions being interpreted with it. faze should explain that the descr iptions of the work orders should be evaluated for honesty. He should tell the chief executive officer that if these patterns continue, it might have a negative cause on the federations progress. The CEO should then sit with Faze and devise a more efficient plan.The possibility of Rights states that each person should be inured as fairly as possible and that others have the obligation to treat everyone equally as a sense of virtuous duty. The Theory of Rights could be applied in this situation suspending the accountant to overlook this chela problem because he feels that this process is the virtually efficient steering for the troupe to operate. Faze must go to the production manager and let him know that the fictionalized work orders exit non affect the company in the short run, but in the want run they might pose a potential loss in income due to excess expenditures in repairs and maintenance.The Theory of referee involves equity, fairness, and impartiality. These maj or components are used in the way that individuals are affected by their treatment. The Theory of Justice could be applied to the situation by employees approaching the production management and demanding that the work order forms be much easier to be approved. The employees think that excessively much effort must be put into filling out request for repairs and maintenance. The employees alike know that if their requests are not fictionalized, they pass on have a rough time receiving the approval for those mandatory repairs.The company should look to implement a curriculum that will allow the employees to be adequate to(p) to climb up the skill required to decorously complete the work order forms. They should likewise look to perform their jobs in a way that will follow all of the rules and laws that would be applied to the situation. With these revisions in procedure, the company should be able to spring up reports with surgical information. The company will need to use a system that will allow information to be advanced fairly.The information that is include in these reports should be recorded in a way that is not intend to negatively persuade the user to get the wrong impression of the writing. These changes must be made because the companys cost control policy is not good from an operational point of view with the requirements needed for a work order form to get approved. Faze will need to schedule a meeting in the midst of the CEO, the production manager, the accountant, and himself to be able to clearly illustrate the manner in which the work order forms should be completed. He would also use this opportunity to discuss any other improvements to the system that could be implemented. after(prenominal) this meeting, each individual could go to their various(prenominal) departments and relay the message of how things have been changed.The beginning to Pirate Steels dilemma is for Faze to cite competence. He must keep the level of professi onalism by do the activities of the company with respect to the regulations that must be followed. The restrainer must also inform the production manager that the actions taken brush aside be harmful to the company. He should maintain this level of professionalism and begin to prepare the proper reports after analyzing the information given. Faze should also develop a guide to jockstrap employees prepare reports for work orders in a responsible manner.The solution to the Pirate Steel Companys dilemma is by Faze victimisation objectiveness. By using objectivity, Faze will be able to communicate the information fairly and unbiased. Also, the controller must disclose all information that would sway the opinion of an interested user. Disclosing this information will give all the outsiders a better understanding of all paperwork and recommendations that are presented.To file competence in the workplace, the workers must be able to continually develop skills that will improve all a spects of their job. hence they must perform all of their duties and distillery stay in accordance with the rules and regulations that are involved with their field, and be able to prepare reports that are accurate and honest so that they can be interpreted as they are printed. Everyone must do these things to show their dependability. One example of showing reliability is shown in this quote stated To be reliable, information must have delineative faithfulness and it must be confirmable and neutral. write up information may not represent faithfully what it purports to represents because it has one or both of two kinds of bias (The Accounting Review, 2000, 229).When a worker is showing objectivity they must prove that they can communicate information in a way that others can understand it and not be persuaded to use misleading information in decision making. This quote shows an example of objectivity To address earnings management concerns, the NYSE, Amex, ASB, and the arcsec ond individually adopted rules and standards focusing on the composition and activities of audit committees. Regulators hope the rules will improve the quality of financial describe and make it harder for corporations to manipulate the data on which their reported earnings are establish (Journal of Accountancy, 2000, 15).

A Study about The Impact of Parental Separation

This occupy explores the disturb of parental detachment/ disarticulate female genitalia support on a tykes learning and ontogenesis in the primary feather discipline variantroom. The broad aim of the claim was to explore t for each oneers classroom experiences of parental legal separation/divorce and its depression on teaching learning and training. The investigateer aimed to gather an in depth and rich broadside of these experiences in the primary school classroom. This current chapter critically explores the most enchant manners and tools that were apply to gather info for this read. The enquiryer evaluates and turn uplines the bearing method undertaken, the instrumentalists that were involved and the materials that were drilld to gather the schooling and entropy relating to this study.Ethical friendships are in addition depict in this chapter.3.2 Aims of the studyHaving reviewed the literature on the take of the emergence parental separation/divorce terminate sustain on a childs learning and development it is evident that in that location is a want of Irish research conducted on the field. A breakd avow in a family social organization is becoming more common with 1 in every 10 marriages in Ireland ending in separation/divorce (Rainbow, 2018) with the figure of marriage separation rising from 116,194 in 2011 to 118,178 in 2016 (CSO, 2016). For this reason this study aims to proffer an keenness into the effect this breakdown in family structure is having on a childs learning and development.This study aims to investigate to what extent does parental/separation divorce has on a childs learning and development and if it has an effect on a childs emotions, behaviour, capacity to learn and ducking in the classroom and whether teachers whole step they have the up to(predicate) training to aid and help children during this change in their lives.3.3 Research DesignIn deciding on a research design for the study, the tec cons idered both valued and soft approaches. According to (Patton Cochran, 2002) qualitative research is characterised by its aims, which bear on to understanding some aspect of social life, and its methods which (in general) contribute words, rather than numbers, as data for compendium and seeks to cook a holistic and narrative description of a social or cultural phenomenon (Gall, Borg & Gall, 1996).Qualitative approaches to research involve emerging questions and procedures, typically collecting data in the participants setting, and analysing data inductively (Creswell, 2014). However, quantitative research principally produces objective numerical data that are generated without regularise on behalf of the police detective (Denscombe, 2010). It emphasises precision and sets out to explain phenomena by collecting numerical data that are canvasd victimisation mathematically based methods, and seeks to minimise bias and exploit objectivity (Rubin Babbie, 2010). Therefore tak ing both methodologies into account the police detective distinguishable on a mixed- methods methodology approach for the purpose of this research.The qualitative data provided an sharpness into the various ways children whitethorn be squeeze by parental separation/divorce and the teachers own experiences and views in this commonwealth. On the other hand the quantitative data provided a numerical data insight into the extent of the way a child may be impacted by parental separation/divorce and the teachers own views and opinions on the key bowl it can have an impact on and how fain they feel they are to help a child with this change in their lives. In finding a mixed method approach enabled the investigator to get in rich and valuable information for the research and facilitated the research to achieve a full delineation of the impact parental separation/divorce may be having on a childs learning and development in the primary school classroom.3.4 selective informati on order of battleIn suppose to collect the data the detective interviewed 3 teachers who each taught divergent levels in the school junior, middle and elderberry bush ends of the school.The interviews were face to face and semi-structured using open finish questions and all 3 interviews were voice recorded. In run for the research to be fully representative of the taste the researcher conducted the interviews on teachers who taught in 3 different schools incorporating both town and outlandish schools. One participant was a teacher in a country school in 5th and 6th class, a nonher(prenominal) participant was a teacher in a populated town school in third and 4th class and the final participant was a junior and senior infant teacher in a small country school. The class sizes vary from 21 pupils to 32 pupils with each participant stating they had a variety of ethnicities and learning support needs in the class. The aim of the interviews was to focus on the participants own e xperiences of the impact of parental separation in the classroom, and the researcher decided on an unstructured interview approach.The intention of the researcher was to build a rapport with the participants create a narrative about their subjective experiences of this field of force. During the interviews, m whatsoever of the questions were unbidden and built on the experiences of the teachers and their own opinions surrounding the area of parental separation/divorce and its effects it can have on a childs learning and development and the questions came as part of the pictorial interaction among researcher and participants. The unstructured approach allowed the researcher to bespeak questions as and when they were sequester, and to further explore particular themes of avocation the participant had. In order for the researcher to bring forward a degree of consistency during the interview influence among the 3 participants the researcher employed the use of an adjutant bird memoire to help guide the focus of the interview without disrupting the natural course of the discussion.The interviews were recorded and were later transcribed for epitome. The recording of the interviews enabled the researcher to interact fully with the participant by the full interview and excessively permitted the researcher to provide a full textual account of the faultless interview and everything that was said and highlighted. In the same context of use the scans created employed a non bias approach, using a broad array of questions in order to not direct or lead the participant and overly to ensure that a full rich shew of the teachers opinions and experiences are gathered. The survey was created online and included 8 questions. These 8 questions ensured to not be misleading and aimed to reflect a teachers own views understanding and knowledge around the area of parental separation/divorce and the impact it can have on a childs learning and development.3.5 Data ab ridgmentThematic analysis was used in this study to analyse and interpret the data. This section provides an overview of the thematic analytical method and outlines its procedural application to the data collected in this study. Thematic analysis is a comprehensive touch where researchers are enabled to identify numerous cross references in the midst of the data and the researchs evolving themes (Hayes, 1997).An inductive approach was therefore used to identify the themes. Similarly, (Marshall and Rossman, 2006) recommended that immersion in and familiarity with the research is an inhering stage. Following this recommendation, the researcher transcribed each interview, and so familiarising herself with the data. Inductive analysis involved the fulfill of discovering patterns and codes in the data (Patton, 2002). The researcher developed patterns by keeping notes on the transcripts that related to a winning and relevant point and used highlighters to link these codes together. It was eventful for the researcher to not have pre conceptions when conducting the interviews and analysing the surveys, consequently the researcher has to explore and understand the social world through the participants and their own perspectives and explanations can merely be offered at the level of meaning rather than cause (Snape and Spencer as cited in Ritchie and Lewis, 2003, p. 23).As a payoff the researcher ensured that all the data collected was reliable and salutary to provide neaten, concise and meaningful conclusions from the data.3.6 Ethical reflectionsPrior to undertaking this study, good approval was sought and granted by the HiberniaCollege Ethics Committee. This study was therefore conducted to the highest ethical standards in line with the Ethical Guidelines for Educational Research (BERA, 2011). When considering the ethical considerations, data protection guidelines were taken into account by the researcher. The researcher ensured that all data will be sto red safely and securely in encrypted data files and unvoiced copies of transcripts will be unplowed in a locked filing cabinet and all other specifiable data such as the names, phone numbers, and email addresses of participants will be stored differentiate from other data collected in order to ensure namelessness and confidentiality is upheld.The participants were also intercommunicate in their consent garner that they had access to the data. Keeping in line with the guidelines the researcher ensured that each participant received a clear information letter about the research area and their role. It stated that anonymity and confidentiality will be determine at all durations. Before each interview, the participants sign a consent form and also informed that they were permitted to end the interview process at any time they wished. The prospective participants were then given time to consider their participation, without any duress, and were later contacted by the researche r for their decision. Throughout the data collection process, all interactions were carried out in a respectful and considerate manner. Interviews were conducted in the spirit of partnership, without manipulation. The names participants were not used on interview recordings and transcripts, and any identifiable information was stored separate from this data.Throughout the data collection and data analysis the researcher ensured complete commitment, reliability and integrity. In symmetry to Hibernia College Dublin the data will be kept for three years after the completion of the dissertation. The researcher will ensure that the data collected is only used for the purpose for which it was gathered and will not be shared with a third person.3.7 LimitationsFirstly, the lack of experience the researcher had on conducting interviews arose as a possible limitation for conducting the research and collecting the data. In order for the researcher to gain experience and confidence in conduct ing interviews the researcher performed mock interviews with 3 educatee teachers.The mock interviews ensured that the researcher would not highlight opinions or response through facial expression and also show no bias towards the interview questions and topic (Bryman, 2004 Cohen et al., 2005 Reynolds, 1979). This aided the researcher when conducting the interviews with the 3 teachers to collect the data. Secondly, the interviews were semi-structured and conducted with teachers from 3 different schools. This took up a lot of time and had additional draw post on travel costs. Finally the online surveys also had its disadvantages. As the surveys were online a lot of people (teachers) carry not to take the time to complete them in comparison to a hardcopy.As a result it took longer than expected for the researcher to get back the quota of answers that was needed to give an accurate representation of the data.3.8 ConclusionIn conclusion, this chapter provided an analysis on how the re searcher collected the data, taking into consideration the most appropriate methodology for this study. The researcher chose to use a mixed methods approach to collect and analysis the data collect during this research as it gives a layer of depth and validity to the research. The data collection methods complimented each other and provided valuable findings which will be presented in the next chapter.The interview process and survey analysis will allow the researcher to gain an insight into the opinions and experiences of teachers from different backgrounds, various areas and different class levels. Following the chosen appropriate methodology, the researcher took into consideration the participants, materials, method design, ethical considerations and data analysis. The participants in the study gave their informed consent to the research, their anonymity and confidentiality principal(prenominal)tained, and they will have access to the data and findings if desired. The participan ts of the interview were made feel comfortable during the interview process using the appropriate interview skills. The next chapter will outline the main findings of the present research which utilised a mixed-methods approach.